Video 019 :: Erläuterungen :: Grammatik :: Vokabeln
¿Puedo pasar? = Kann ich reinkommen? Sí. ¡Pasa, pasa! = Ja, komm rein, komm rein ¿Qué te ocurre? Tienes mala cara. = Was ist los mit dir? Du siehst schlecht aus (Du hast ein schlechtes Gesicht) Me encuentro fatal! = Ich fühle mich schlecht! Sí, sí. Tienes muy mala cara. = Ja, ja. Du siehst schlecht aus. Estás bien? = Geht es dir gut? ¡Me duele el estómago! = Ich habe Bauchschmerzen! ¿Por qué? = Warum? Porque comí demasiado ayer... = Weil ich gestern zuviel gegessen habe...
Con patatas fritas con mucho ajo y all i oli = Mit Pommes Frites, Knoblauch und all i oli (Sauce aus Öl und Knoblauch) Te he dicho mil veces que tienes que comer menos. Y más lechugas, más ensaladas,
= Ich habe dir doch gesagt, du sollst weniger essen. Und mehr Kopfsalat, mehr Salat, más verde. No puedes comer tanta carne. = mehr Grünes. Du darfst nicht soviel Fleisch essen Pero estaba delicioso ese pollo... = Aber das Huhn war lecker... Pero vas a tener un empacho... = Aber du wirst eine Magenverstimmung haben ¿Sabes qué? Te voy a preparar una manzanilla = Weißt du was? Ich mache dir einen Kamillentee No, no puedo... = Nein, ich kann nicht... Sí, una manzanilla te irá muy bien para el estómago, te aliviará.
= Ein Kamillentee wird deinem Magen gut tun, dir Linderung verschaffen.. No. Quiero vomitar. = Nein, ich muss mich erbrechen ¡No! No, de momento te quedas sentada. = Nein! Erstmal bleibst du sitzen No, no puedo. voy a vomitar. = Nein, ich kann nicht, ich muss mich übergeben ¿Tienes muchas ganas? = Hast du einen Brechreiz ? Sí. Traeme algo... = Ja, bring mir was... No, no. yo creo que deberías de quedarte... = Nein, nein. Ich glaube du musst liegenbleiben. Quiero vomitar... = Ich möchte mich übergeben... Vale! Vale! Vete a vomitar. Suerte! = Ok! Ok! Übergib dich.
3.7 Irregular
verbs
You
may think it's a shame, but you can't change the fact
that many Spanish verbs are irregular. That means that
many Spanish verbs change their stem when conjugate
them. In English there are those verbs that have irregular
past tense and past participle:
infinitive verb
simple past tense
past participle
sell
sold
sold
give
gave
given
buy
bought
bought
Moreover, not to forget the verb to be has
a total irregular conjugation:
I
am
we
are
you
are
you
are
he, she, it
is
they
are
Also in Spanish there are some of these
very irregular verbs. Like ser (to be) and
ir (to go), but for most of the irregularities
there are some rules.
Let's have a look at ser, this one
is very, very irregular and there is no rule that can
help you to remember it. Just read and hear it ever
so often, soon you'll know them by heart. Because they
are so often used that actually you can't do without
them. Sentences like: I am a doctor and He is rich are
going with this verb.
ser
= to be
yo
soy
tú eres
él es
ella es
nosotros somos
nosotras somos
vosotros sois
vosotras sois
ellos son
ellas son
I
am
you are
he is
she is
we are (masculine)
we are (feminine)
you are (masculine)
you are (feminine)
they are (masculine)
they are (feminine)
ir
= to go
yo
voy
tú vas
él va
ella va
nosotros vamos
nosotras vamos
vosotros vais
vosotras vais
ellos van
ellas van
I
go
you go
he goes
she goes
we go (masculine)
we go (feminine)
you go (masculine)
you go (feminine)
they go (masculine)
they go (feminine)
To want means also to love, the Spaniard says "I
want her" and means "I love her".
querer
= to want
yo
quiero
tú quieres
él quiere
ella quiere
nosotros queremos
nosotras queremos
vosotros queréis
vosotras queréis
ellos quieren
ellas quieren
I
want
you want
he wants
she wants
we want (masculine)
we want (feminine)
you want (masculine)
you want (feminine)
they want (masculine)
they want (feminine)
poder (= to can) is a
modal verb. You'll find the use of modal verbs in chapter
20. As a general rule one could say the Spanish
modal verbs are quite similar to the English ones.
I can write = Yo puedo escribir.
An infinitive verb is appended to the (conjugated)
modal verb.
poder
= to can
yo
puedo
tú puedes
él puede
ella puede
nosotros podemos
nosotras podemos
vosotros podéis
vosotras podéis
ellos pueden
ellas pueden
I
can
you can
he can
she can
we can (masculine)
we can (feminine)
you can (masculine)
you can (feminine)
they can (masculine)
they can (feminine)
tener (to have) is another important verb, also
because it is used together with que
to create must or probably
more often used have to.
Yo tengo que escribir una carta. = I have to write a
postcard.
But! In English the verb to
have is also used to create compound tenses (I
have eaten). In Spanish there is another verb
used for this purpose haber.
The verb haber
is not only looking quite like to have, it also had
once the meaning of to have. However, as history goes and
things change there is now haber
for compound tenses and tener
for to have.
tener = to
have
yo
tengo (yo tengo que)
tú tienes (tú
tienes que)
él tiene (el tiene que)
ella tiene (ella tiene que)
nosotros tenemos (nosotros tenemos
que)
nosotras tenemos (nosotras tenemos
que)
vosotros tenéis (vosotros
tenéis que)
vosotras tenéis (vosotras
tenéis que)
ellos tienen (ellos tienen que)
ellas tienen (ellas tienen que)
I
have (I must, I have to)
you have (you must, you have to)
he has (he must, he has to)
she has (she must, she has to)
we have (we must, we have to) (masculine)
we have (we must, we have to) (feminine)
you have (you must, you have to) (masculine)
you have (you must, you have to) (feminine)
they have (they must, they have to)
(masculine)
they have (they must, they have to)
(feminine)
The attentive reader will have noticed that in Spanish
there are two words for to
be, i.e. ser
and estar.
The difference between ser
and estar
is one of the most challenging issues within the Spanish
grammar. The Spaniards have a difference in thinking
between to be
and (not) to be.
One of the differences is whether a condition is permanent
or not. Have a look at these examples to compare:
Example:
Él es loco.
= He is a lunatic .
Meaning: He is definitely out of his mind,
no chance of improvement. Él está loco.
= He is mad.
Meaning: At the moment he is in a state
of madness, but there is hope that it will
stop.
This example just gives an impression of what's still
to come. More about it you'll find in chapter
8. A basic rule can help for a start: If the idea
is that something is situated some place or is in a situation
/ in a state that is not permanent then the verb estar
is to be used.
If it is a feature that is a permanent characteristic
of an object and is not related to being situated or in
state then ser is
to be used.
Example
(estar meaning being situated some place)
Madrid está en España.
= Madrid is in Spain.
Juan está en el jardín. = Juan is in the garden.
Example
(estar meaning being in non-permanent state; ser
something rather permanent)
Él está
cansado.= He is tired.
(something that can be helped; a
couple of hours of sleep and he is fit again)
Él es médico.= He is a doctor.
(rather permanent feature; unless he breaks
the law and he looses his licence he will
be a doctor until the end of time)
As mentioned before the main task here is to learn
the formation of the conjugation. First step towards
knowing is to recognise the form and the verb. All the
details will be discussed at a later point of time again.
estar
= to be
yo
estoy
tú estás
él está
ella está
nosotros estamos
nosotras estamos
vosotros estáis
vosotras estáis
ellos están
ellas están
I
am
you are
he is
she is
we are (masculine)
we are (feminine)
you are (masculine)
you are (feminine)
they are (masculine)
they are (feminine)