15.4 cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas


  cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas = whose, which

La mujer, cuyo hijo se va a la escuela con mi hija, es gentil.
= The lady whose son goes to school with my daughter is very nice.
La ciudad, cuya torre vemos de lejos, es Berlín.
= The city whose tower we see from far is Chicago.
= The city of which we see the tower from far is Chicago.
Las ciudades, cuyas historias hemos estudiado, se encuentran todas en Alemania.
= The cities whose history we studied are all over Spain.
= The cities the history of which we studied are all over Spain.
Los paises, cuyos gobiernos apreciamos, son democráticos.
= The countries whose governments we appreciate are democracies.
= The countries the governments of which we appreciate are democracies.
El hombre, cuya hija conozco, es mi vecino.
= The man whose daughter I know is my neighbour.

  note the specialty in these sentences: the gender and number is defined by the referred object!

La mujer,
cuya casa fue destruida, es rubia.
El hombre,
cuya casa fue destruida, es rubio.
Las mujeres,
cuya casa fue destruida, son rubias.
Los hombres,
cuya casa fue destruida, son rubios.
Las mujeres,
cuyas casas fueron destruidas, son rubias.
Los hombres,
cuyas casas fueron destruidas, son rubios.
Las mujeres,
cuyo jardín fue destruido, son rubias.
Los hombres,
cuyo jardín fue destruido, son rubios.
Los hombres,
cuyos jardínes fueron destruidos, son rubios.

The woman
whose house was destroyed is blond.
The man
whose house was destroyed is blond.
The women
whose houses was destroyed are blond.
The men
whose house was destroyed are blond.
The women
whose houses were destroyed are blond.
The men,
whose houses were destroyed are blond.
The women
whose garden was destroyed are blond.
The men
whose garden was destroyed are blond.
The men
whose gardens were destroyed are blond.

The constructions with whose are in the spoken language not that common. The same we can state for the Spanish cuyo(s)/cuya(s). Most likely the sentence would be constructed the following way:

El jardín de la mujer que es rubia ha sido destruido.
= The garden of the woman that / who is blond was destroyed.

You see we have endless possibilities - languages are so rich!!!

  cuyo, cuyos, cuya, cuyas with a pronoun

Ésta es la mujer, por cuyo hijo hemos organizado la fiesta.
= This woman for whose son we have organised the party.
as an alternative:
Ésta es la mujer, por el hijo de la cual hemos organizado la fiesta.
= This woman for the son of which we have organised the party.
Éste es el hombre, a cuyo jefe hemos escrito una carta.
= This is the man to whose boss we have written a letter.
as an alternative:
Éste es el hombre, al jefe del cual hemos escrito una carta.
= This is the man to the boss of which we have written a letter.

If reference is mad to alguno or cada uno the construction with cual is to be used. The Genitive construction with cuyo, cuyas, cuyos, cuyas can't be used.

Habían muchos prográmas de gramática española en el Internet, algunas de las cuales eran útiles.
= There were many programs of Spanish grammar in the net of which some were useful.
La ciudad tenía muchos hoteles cada uno de los cuales tenía habitaciones libres.
= The city had many hotels every one of which had vacancies.






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