 |
Imagine
a sentence I wish he comes.
There are many, many combinations possible depending
on in which relation point of time of the speaker and
the point of time of the wish.
| combination
of different times |
 |
I have wished
that he came.
I would have wished that he came.
I would have wished that he had come.
I would have wished that he had come.
I wish that he had come.
I wish that he came.
I would wish that he comes.
I would wish that he had come. |
|
The construction of the sentences depend on whether
something has already happen ("before") or
still is open to happen ("same time", "future").
You'll see that the Spanish grammar has a clear set
of rules for those kind of sentences. Therefore, it is
necessary to understand where is the point
of time of the speaker, where is the point of time of
the part-sentences (main clauses as well as subordinate
clauses).
| Main
clause is in present time: presente, perfecto, futuro
perfecto, gerundio, imperativo |
|
point of time
when the subject hopes, orders, desires or
wishes |
|
|
the thing that
was feared, hoped for, wished for or ordered
is |
|
|
e.g. temer
= to fear |
|
|
at the same
time, in the future |
|
|
"before",
has happened already |
|
 |
|
presente
(Temo, I fear) |
| perfecto
(He temido, I have feared) |
| futuro
imperfecto(Temeré, I will fear) |
| futuro
perfecto (Habré temido, I will
have feared) |
| gerundio
(Temiendo, fearing) |
| imperativo
(Teme, Fear!) |
|
|
presente
de
subjuntivo |
| |
que llegue
that he comes
|
|
|
pretérito
perfecto
de subjuntivo |
| |
que haya llegado
that he has come
|
|
The pretérito perfecto is considered to be a
present tense. That's why you find it in the list above.
| Main
clause in past tense: imperfecto, indefinido, plusquamperfecto,
anterior, condicional |
|
point of time
the subject
fears, hopes for, wishes, orders etc. |
|
|
the thing that
was feared, hoped for, wished for or ordered
is |
|
|
z.B. temer,
fürchten |
|
|
at the same
time, in the future |
|
|
"before",
has happened already |
|
 |
|
pretérito
imperfecto (Temía, I feared) |
| pretérito
indefinido(Temí, I feared) |
| pretérito
plusquamperfercto (Había temido, I
had feared) |
| pretérito
anterior (Hube temido, I had feared) |
| condicional
(Temería, I would fear |
|
|
imperfecto
de subjuntivo |
| |
que llegara
that he would come.
|
|
|
pluscuamperfecto
de subjuntivo |
| |
que hubiera llegado
that he had come.
|
|
 |
I hope that
he comes. |
=
Espero que llegue. (present
tense, same time) |
|
I hope that he has come. |
= Espero
que haya llegado. (present
tense, has
already happen) |
|
I hoped that he would
come. |
= Esperaba
que viniera. (past
tense, same time) |
|
I hoped that he had come.
|
= Esperaba
que hubiera venido. (past
tense, has
already happen) |
|
He wants that we pay. |
= Quiere
que paguemos. (present
tense, same
time) |
|
He wants that we have
paid. |
= Quiere
que hayamos pagado. (present
tense, has
already happen) |
|
He wanted that we would
pay. |
= Quiso
que pagáramos. (past
tense, same
time) |
|
He wanted that we had
paid. |
= Quiso
que hubiéramos pagado. (past
tense, has
already happen)
|
|
He wanted
that we had paid before our arrival. |
=
Quiso que hubiéramos
pagado antes de nuestra llegada.
|
| |
He wanted
that we pay when we arrive. |
=
Quiso que pagáramos
cuando llegáramos.
|
| |
We feared that something
had happened to them. |
=
Temíamos que
les hubiera pasado algo.
|
| |
We feared that something
would
happen to them. |
=
Temíamos que
les pasara algo.
|
|
|
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